Риски при печати в 3D

Каждый день 3D-печать более распространен как на промышленном, так и на бытовом уровне, что способствует развитию многих приложений в большом количестве полей. На уровне СМИ выделяются только преимущества технологий, но необходимо соблюдать некоторые меры предосторожности. учитывать, когда дело доходит до знакомства с миром 3D-печати.

Но каждый пользователь должен учитывать определенные риски, которые могут возникнуть при 3D-печати. Двумя основными и более распространенными источниками риска являются, с одной стороны, газы, выделяющиеся при плавлении материала, а с другой стороны, возможные источники возгорания из-за неправильного использования 3D-принтера или плохого состояния его электроники.

Ниже мы подробно расскажем об основных источниках риска, а также о мерах предосторожности, которые необходимо предпринять, чтобы избежать серьезных проблем:

Выделение газов и запахов

Все материалы, используемые в 3D-печати FDM/FFF, являются пластиком или содержат некоторое количество этого материала. На данный момент мы сосредоточимся на трех наиболее распространенных:PLA, ABS и HIPS.

ABS и HIPS — два очень распространенных материала в 3D-печати. а также очень часто их используют в комбинации:HIPS в качестве вспомогательного материала (он растворен в D-лимонене) и ABS в качестве основного материала. У этих двух материалов есть недостаток, заключающийся в том, что при их сплавлении выделяется количество стирола, в 20 раз превышающее то, что существует в атмосфере. , становясь канцерогенным в случае длительного вдыхания этих выделяемых газов.

PLA — это материал, который легко печатать на любом 3D-принтере. а значит, самый универсальный из всех существующих материалов для 3D-печати. Что касается образующихся отходов, они выделяют лактид. , элемент, который не представляет вышеупомянутой проблемы ABS, и не влияет на здоровье людей .

In addition, industrial 3D printers sincorporate the HEPA filter , which is a type of high efficiency air filter that meets high standards. Therefore, if you don't have a closed 3D printer with a HEPA filter, the main recommendation is to keep the place of printing well ventilated (care must be taken with drafts since they cause the dreaded warping and cracking effect in open 3D printers).

Therefore, in domestic environments, it's advisable to print filaments that don't emit odors as long as they comply with the mechanical properties.

Possible fire sources

Image 1:Possible fire sources

At this point we must take into account first of all that 3D printers that don't have the CE mark (European Certificate) don't pass any quality control , something that can become very dangerous in the event of a failure.

Electricity

It must be taken into account that the characteristics of the electrical network to which the 3D printer is connected must be exactly those indicated on the machine:230 Vac, 50Hz. In addition, attention should be paid to where the 3D printer connects. If it's fed from a terminal strip with more consumers, it can cause fuses to blow or the protections of the installation to skip. Therefore, the characteristics of the line must be checked before connection . When cleaning the 3D printer, always disconnect the 3D printer from the electrical outlets to avoid accidental contacts.

Electronics

The use of quality electronic components , as well as cables with the appropriate section is crucial to avoid excess temperatures that can lead to the fire of the 3D printer itself and this, in turn, of everything that is around it. Another possible problem that can also cause a fire is that the temperature sensor comes out of its housing and the heating cartridge raises its temperature to the maximum, melting the elements that are around it and can cause fire.

Hot parts

Sometimes by inertia or forgetfulness you tend to put your hand inside the 3D printer while it's still hot, which can cause severe burns to the skin . We mustn't forget that the operation of a 3D printer is based on the principle of polymer melting, which implies a high temperature in the heating elements.

In addition, the fact that the 3D printer is switched off or unplugged after finishing an impression doesn't imply that the heating elements are cold, so it shouldn't be touched until enough time has passed.

Mobile parts

For the movement of the 3 axes, as well as that of the 2 extruders, electrical motors are used step by step with high torque. When you put your fingers or your hand in the areas of the shafts, spindles and belts, it can cause entrapments, bruises and wounds , as well as burns due to the heat dissipated by the motors. Therefore, we must be very careful when entering the hand inside the 3D printer , and should only be done if strictly necessary, and to be able to be with security measures to prevent further damage in the event of an accident.

Fixing spray

When applying the base fixative spray (3DLac, DimaFix or PrintaFix) it must be done outside the 3D printer since they are highly inflammable products that in contact with high temperatures or residual electric currents can cause a flame. Although it seems incredible, there have already been more than one case where a house is burned or something worse because of the wrong process.

Our particular recommendation is that at all times you have proof (especially when you have a 3D printer in a domestic environment), that this isn't a "toy", and that its operation carries associated risks. It's always better to have 3D printers with CE marking that have a closed housing and HEPA filter, and if possible in ventilated places.